Ketso efe ea likheo tsa li-surfactats?

Ho latela mofuta oa liphiri ho hlahisoa ke sehlopha sa hydrophilic, se jeoang ke litokelo se ka aroloa like katsi le melelele: anisisac, aniciatic, zwirican.

Li-surfactats tsa Anionic

① Soaps

Ke letsoai la li-acid tse nang le mafura a mangata, ka forlila e akaretsang: (Rcoo) nm. Hyetty acid hydrocarbon e ka ka kakaretso e le ketane e molelele ea li-Carbons tse 11 ho isa ho 17 li-carbons, le sethala sa actic le seriti le lauric anicid li tloaelehile. Ho latela lintho tse fapaneng tse emeloang ke m, e ka aroloa ka sesepa sa tšepe sa alkali, arkaline lefats'e Metal Meps le Li-Feess tsa Mahala. Kaofela li na le thepa e ntle ea tlokotsi le bokhoni ba ho hasanya oli. Empa ba senyeha habonolo. Alkali tšepe ea tšepe e ka boela ea se timetsoa ke Malinyane le masapo a magnesiun le li-electroly tse ka 'nang tsa baka letsoai le ho feta.

Alkali Metal Soaps: O / W

Alkaline Earth Liap Soaps: W / O

Amine amine Soaps: Trianthanomine Soaps

② Sulfates ro-so3-m

Haholo-holo oli e hulfated le li-sulter tse phahameng tsa joala. Chain ea mafura hydrocarbon e pakeng tsa 12 le 18 carbons. Moemeli oa oli ea Sulfated ke oli ea castor ea khanye ea Sulfated, e tsejoang ka hore ke oli e khubelu e khubelu ea Turkey. Sodium sofete ea joala e kenyelletsa sodium ddecyl sulfate (Sds, Sodium Dulfate (SDDIMuryl sulfate SDS e na le ho tsuba ka matla, e tsitsitse, 'me e loantšana le asisiti, calcium le magnesium letsoai. Ha e le meriana, e ka fella ka litlhare tse phahameng tsa li-molek'huoana tse phahameng tsa memmbrane, 'me e sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse tiileng tse etsang hore metsi a kolokisoe haholo joalo ka matlapa. Sodium Fatty Joaxewee Ether Sulfate (Aes) e na le bokhoni bo matla ba ho hana metsi a thata, mme o na le phello e itseng ea ho tlosoa oli.

③ sulfenates r-so3-m

Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa Sulfoates, ALKYL Aryl Sulfeates, Le Alkyl NAPHLHALE SULFONAAMES. Alibility ea bona le asiti le calcium le calcium ea letsoai le letsoai le magnenium e mpe ho feta ho senya menoana, empa ha ba imenne habonolo tharollo ea acid. Alifatic sulfnates e kenyelletsa: Sodium Secondary Alid methyl ester bahoanmetsi ba monyaluoa bakeng sa litsela tse se nang meeli; Sodium Deldecylbenzene Sumdonate Of Alkyl Aryl SulFhalotes e sebelisoa haholo. Cholelithium ea letsoai joalo ka sodium glycocholate le sodium taurochote hangata li sebelisoa e le lilulu tsa menoang le li-emphifuers ka pampitšana ea gastrointestinal.

Manahatso a Surfactats

Li-surfactant tse nang le litefiso tse ntle li bitsoa li-surfactats tsa canfic. Tšoantšetso, hape e tsejoang e le sesepa tse nepahetseng, e bapala karolo e ntle e fapaneng. Karolo e ka sehloohong ea sebopeho sa eona sa lilose ke ea pentegen athom ea pente ea maballo, haholo ka li-surbadine tsa metsi tse ntle, 'me ha li tsitse ka bobeli ba acidic le Alkaline Tharollo. Ka lebaka la phello ea eona e matla ea boktheri, e sebelisoa haholo-holo ea mucous, liletsa tse ling, tse kang chlonime ea liroboto tsa Lirobatrical.

Amphoteric Surfactats

Mofuta ona oa sistimi o na le lihlopha tse ntle le tse mpe ka sebopeho sa limolek'hule, 'me li ka bonts'a thepa ea litlolo tsa naha kapa tsa khalemelo tse fapaneng tsa PO.

① Lecithin

Lecithin ke sethala sa tlhaho sa Zetanic, haholo-holo ho tloha li-soya le li-yolks tsa lehe. Sebopeho sa Lecithin se rarahane haholo mme ke motsoako oa metsoako e mengata. Ka lebaka la mehloli e meng e fapaneng le lits'ebetso tsa litokisetso tsa litokisetso, karolo ea karolo ka 'ngoe e tla fapana, ka hona ts'ebetso e tla fapana. Lecithin e tsotella mocheso haholo mocheso, ea utloahala habonolo tlasa ts'ebetso ea acid, esterase, le peterole e ka sehloohong bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha emonyiking e nang le li-microparticle.

Mofuta oa mofuta oa ②oamino le mofuta oa betaine

Amino Acid le Betaine ke lefu la kalafo, leo karolo ea hae ea botšehali e leng 'mala oa hae, eo karolo ea hae ea tlhaho ea AmiNe, eo e leng mofuta oa Betaine: r-n + (Ch3). Litšobotsi tsa eona ke tsena: Ka tharollo ea alkaline ea lapeng, e na le thepa ea litšitiso tsa lintho tsa anionic, ka litlamorao tse ntle le mekhabiso; Tharollo ea Acidic, e na le thepa ea lijalo tsa acic, ka bokhoni bo matla ba ho baka bokhabane le chefo ho feta lits'ila tse matla ho feta lits'ila tse thata ho feta tse fapaneng ho feta lits'itiso tse mpe ho feta tse fapaneng ho feta lits'itiso tse matla.

Li-surficants tse sa rateheng

Fatty acid glycesides

Haholo-holo mafura a matona a acid le mafura a mafura a kang a atisa ho chesoa hantle, joalo ka glyceryryl glyceryl. Ho ikoalla ka metsing, ho boetse ho bonahala habonolo ka li-glycerol le mafura

Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester

Ke sehlopha sa polokelo ea polyl se seng sa polylic, ke sehlopha sa lipontšo tsa polylic, ke sehlopha sa mekhatlo e entsoeng ka bosholu ba ho inehela le mafura, ho leka-kenana le sepache ea moea le Sethoester. E ka nyenyefatsoa hore e be tlokotsi le mafura a acid 'meleng ebe o sebelisoa. Boleng ba HLB ke 5-13, hangata e sebelisoa joalo ka O / w emumolifier le e nyarosang, mme hape ke lijo tse tloaelehileng tsa lijo.

Sorbitan fatty acid

Ke motsoako oa metsoako e fumanoang ke karabelo ea sorbitan le sehlōhō sa acid ea acid, le lebitso la eona la khoebo le sa hlokahala. Ka lebaka la lipophilicity tsa eona tse matla, hangata e sebelisoa e le emisoefier, e nang le boleng ba HLB ea 1.8-3.8, ebile e sebelisoa haholo ka li-rection le ka litlolo. Leha ho le joalo, lethekeng 20 le masene 40 hangata a sebelisoa e le emsuphifers e kopantsoeng le emong e kopantsoeng le bo-emulasion e nang le leshome le metso e 12.

Polysorbate

Ke polyoxylene sortonita mafura asiti ea asiti. Tse setseng ka bolelele ba Polyoxeethyey o kopantsoe ho fumana metsoako e kholo, 'me lebitso la eona la khoebo le leshome le metso e' meli. Mofuta oa mofuta ona o eketsehile haholo hydrophphilica ona ka lebaka la kenyelletso ea hydrophilic Polyoxethylene, ho ba seretse se qhibilihang metsi. Boleng ba HLB ke 9.6-16.7, 'me hangata e sebelisoa e le solubilizer le O / w emulfier.

Polyoxyeylene mafura acter ester

Ke matla a hlahisoang ke tumellano ea polyethylene glycol le li-grain mafura acid. Lebitso la khoebo la Myrij ke e 'ngoe ea tsona. Mofuta ona o qhibiliha metsi 'me o na le thepa e matla ea tlokotsi. Hangata e sebelisoa e le emmolfielier le solubilizer.

Polyoxyeylene mafura a joala ether

Ke Ether e hlahisitsoeng ke tharollo ea polyethylene Glycol le mafura acid. Lebitso la khoebo Brij ke e 'ngoe ea tsona. Hangata e sebelisoa e le emmolfielier le solubilizer.

Polyoxyethylene-polyoxyproplene polymer

E thehiloe ka polymerizagetion ea polyoxethylene le Polyoxypropylene, eo hape e tsejoang e le poloxamer, 'me lebitso la khoebo le kokotenise.